Woman That Was Pregnant With a Tumor, Baby Dies

Calcified body of a dead fetus

A lithopedion. This highly unusual specimen remained in the abdomen of a woman for two years

A lithopedion (also spelled lithopaedion; from Ancient Greek: λίθος "stone" and Ancient Greek: παιδίον "pocket-size child, infant"), or rock babe, is a rare phenomenon which occurs most commonly when a fetus dies during an intestinal pregnancy,^[1] is besides large to be reabsorbed by the body, and calcifies on the outside as part of a strange body reaction, shielding the mother'due south body from the dead tissue of the fetus and preventing infection.

Lithopedia may occur from 14 weeks gestation to total term. It is not unusual for a stone babe to remain undiagnosed for decades and to be found well after natural menopause; diagnosis often happens when the patient is examined for other conditions that require being subjected to an X-ray report. A review of 128 cases by T.S.P. Tien institute that the hateful age of women with lithopedia was fifty-five years at the time of diagnosis, with the oldest existence one-hundred years one-time. The lithopedion was carried for an average of twenty-ii years, and in several cases, the women became pregnant a second time and gave birth to children without incident. Nine of the reviewed cases had carried lithopedia for over fifty years before diagnosis.^[two]

According to one report in that location are only 300 known cases of lithopedia in the world,^[three] recorded in over 400 years of medical literature. While the chance of abdominal pregnancy is one in 11,000 pregnancies, only betwixt 1.five and 1.8% of these abdominal pregnancies may develop into lithopedia.^[iv]

History [edit]

A CT scan showing an actress-uterine calcified foetal skeleton, a lithopedion

The primeval known lithopedion was found in an archaeological excavation at Bering Sinkhole, on the Edwards Plateau in Kerr County, Texas, and dated to 1100 BC.^[five] Another early example was found in a Gallo-Roman archaeological site in Costebelle, southern France, dating to the 4th century.^{[six] [ self-published source? ]}

The condition was commencement described in a treatise past the Spanish Muslim medico Abū al-Qāsim (Abulcasis) in the 10th century.^[5] By the mid-18th century, a number of cases had been documented in humans, sheep and hares in France and Germany. In a spoken language before the French Académie Royale des Sciences in 1748, surgeon Sauveur François Morand used lithopedia both as evidence of the common nature of fetal development in viviparous and oviparous animals, and every bit an argument in favor of caesarean section.^[7]

In 1880, German language physician Friedrich Küchenmeister reviewed 47 cases of lithopedia from the medical literature and distinguished 3 subgroups: Lithokelyphos ("Stone Sheath"), where calcification occurs on the placental membrane and non the fetus; Lithotecnon ("Rock Child") or "true" lithopedion, where the fetus itself is calcified subsequently entering the abdominal cavity, following the rupture of the placental and ovarian membranes; and Lithokelyphopedion ("Stone Sheath [and] Child"), where both fetus and sac are calcified. Lithopedia can originate both equally tubal and ovarian pregnancies, although tubal pregnancy cases are more than common.^[2]

Reported cases [edit]

Earlier 1900 [edit]

Patient (age at time of diagnosis)	Location	Date of pregnancy	Date of diagnosis (instance duration)	Additional information
Unknown	Cordoba, Two Umayyad Caliphate	Unknown	Late 10th century	The example referred past Abulcasis. The patient was pregnant in two separate occasions simply never gave birth. "A long time" after, she developed a large swelling in the omphalus area, that turned into a suppurating wound and would not heal despite receiving treatment. This continued until Abulcasis removed several fetal bones through the wound, which initially shocked Abulcasis, as he had never known of a similar case. The patient largely recovered her health, just she continued to suppurate through the wound.[eight]
Lodovia "LaCavalla"	Pomponischi, Duchy of Mantua	Unknown	1540	The patient had a failed pregnancy followed by a successful ane, later on which she fell sick and rapidly lost weight. Christopher Bain, a travelling surgeon, practised an incision and extracted "the skeleton of a male child". She recovered fully and went on to take four more children.[eight]
Colombe Chatri (68)*	Sens, Kingdom of France	1554	1582 (28 years)	Chatri became meaning for the first time at 40, but never gave nascence afterward breaking her h2o and going through labor pains. She was bedridden for the next three years, during which she noticed a hard tumor on her lower abdomen, and complained of tiredness and abdominal pains for the rest of her life. After her death, her widower requested ii physicians to examine her body, who discovered a fully formed, petrified baby girl, with remains of pilus and a unmarried tooth.[two] By 1653 the lithopedion had come up into the possession of King Frederick III of Denmark, who consented to show information technology to Thomas Bartholin, only not to examine it further.[7]
Unknown	Pont-à-Mousson, Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire	1629	1659 (xxx years)	[7] [ix]
Unknown	Dôle, Franche-Comté, Castilian Empire	1645	1661 (16 years)	[7] [9]
Marguerite Mathieu (62)*	Toulouse, Kingdom of French republic	1653	1678 (25 years)	Originally from the Gascon hamlet of Viulas well-nigh Lombez, Mathieu gave birth to ten children but only iii survived infancy. At 37, she became meaning, carried to full term and broke her water for the eleventh fourth dimension, only never gave birth despite the efforts of a physician. She suffered from acute intestinal hurting for two months, vaginal bleeding for five months, and felt discomfort for the rest of her life. This but eased when she laid on her back, making her crippled and she experienced periodic paroxysmal attacks. Her case became notorious and her symptoms were popularly attributed to a spell cast by a sorceress whom Mathieu had rejected every bit a midwife. She consented to a public, iii-day long necropsy later on her decease, which was attended by four doctors, three surgeons and their assistants. They plant the calcified umbilical cord, placenta and a fully formed babe boy inside that weighed 3,916 grams. The lithopedion was constitute floating in white, odorless pus, which made information technology semi-mobile and would explicate Mathieu's merits that she could still feel the baby moving inside her. The lithopedion was extensively described and pictured in a published memoir past François Boyle, one of the doctors nowadays.[7]
Unknown	Leeuwarden, United Provinces	c. 1692	1694 (21 months)	A 21-month-former, intra-tubarian lithopedion was removed successfully from a living woman past Cyprien, a teacher of beefcake and surgery at the Academy of Franeker.[7]
Anna Mullern (94)*	Leinzell, Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	1674	1720 (46 years)	Aged 48, Mullern became pregnant, broke her water and went through labor pains for seven weeks without giving birth, retaining a swollen belly afterwards. She would endure pain when exercising for the remainder of her life, but she was able to go meaning once more and gave birth to salubrious dizygotic twins. Convinced that she had been pregnant and carried the previous baby with her still, Mullern fabricated the local physician and surgeon swear that they would open her torso after her death. The dr. did not survive her, but the elderly surgeon fulfilled his promise with the assistance of his son, finding "a difficult mass of the course and size of a large Ninepin-Bowl" that contained a petrified fetus inside. It was examined by George I of U.k.'s personal physician Johann Georg Steigerthal, who wrote an account of it.[10]
Marie de Bresse (61)*	Joigny, Kingdom of France	1716	1747 (31 years)	Patient was in her second pregnancy afterwards a natural abortion 4 years before. De Bresse took it to full term and underwent labor pains for two days, but never had vaginal dilatation. After the midwife gave upwards, an associates of doctors and physicians from Troyes decided unanimously that the best was to perform a cesarean section, merely she refused. She continued having abdominal pains for a month and could non resume work before viii. She never regained her period and continued lactating for xxx years. At 61, she was hospitalized for chest inflammation and died shortly after. The dissection found an oval mass the size of a man'southward head embedded in her right fallopian tube, which weighted eight pounds and contained a fully formed infant boy with pilus, ii incisors and remains of amniotic fluid. The envelope was not fully calcified.[eleven]
Mrs. Brawl	London, Kingdom of Bully Great britain	1741	1747 (6 years)	"A dead infant" was establish in the belly, exterior of the womb, during an autopsy performed at the request of the patient. In the fourth dimension between her failed pregnancy and her ain decease, Ball became meaning and gave nascency four times without complications.[11]
Randi Jonsdatter (50)	Kvikne, Hedmark, Kingdom of denmark-Norway	1803	1813 (10 years)	Patient "gave nascence" to a petrified baby divided in two parts, through a cutting performed over Jonsdatter's belly button. She lived for many years after without whatever further problems.[12]
Rebecca Eddy (77)*	Frankfort, New York, United States	c. 1802	1852 (c. fifty years)	Aged 27 and in her first pregnancy, Eddy went through what seemed to be labor pains after an accident with a large kettle over the fire, but the pains disappeared a few days after and she never gave birth. William H. H. Parkhurst examined her in 1842, noting the "largeness, hardness and irregularity" of her abdominal lump; he would perform her autopsy in front of 20 witnesses when she died a decade later. During the process Parkhurst establish "a perfect formed child... weighing 6 pounds avoirdupois (2.7 kilograms)" who "had no adhesions or connections with the mother except to the Fallopian tubes, and the claret vessels which nourished it, and which were given off from the mesenteric arteries... the child was almost floating in the abdomen."[xiii]
Sophia Magdalena Lehmann (87)*	Zittau, German Empire	1823	1880 (57 years)	Lehmann, a widow from Olbersdorf, was diagnosed with lithopedion in 1823 by an obstetrician in Zittau, and treated by Küchenmeister before he moved to Dresden in 1859. Upon her death, Küchenmeister performed her autopsy and used her example to describe the lythokeliphos category.[7]

* Later on death of the patient.

After 1900 [edit]

Patient (age at time of diagnosis)	Location	Appointment of pregnancy	Date of diagnosis (case duration)	Additional information
Unknown	Yazoo City, Mississippi, U.s.a.	c. 1930	1933 (c. ii–three years)	While performing surgery to remove a tumor on a adult female from Inverness, Mississippi, Dr. L.T. Miller discovered the lithopedion "that had go petrified to the correct of the tumor."[14]
Unknown (54)	Jamaica	1957	1966 (9 years)	The patient, who had given birth previously, had a swollen belly and noted motility inside, but did not believe she was pregnant because she continued to menstruate, admitting irregularly. The movements ceased before long after being admitted to a Kingston hospital but the bleeding and pain continued until she was operated on 8 months later. Although her belly had deflated, the patient still felt a mass inside, just was dismissed past her doctor. The pain resumed years after, when the woman had migrated to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and she was relieved of an oval-shaped, calcified mass of 8 × 4 x 3 cm.[xv]
Unknown (lx)	Thailand	1959	1987 (28 years)	[16]
Unknown (76)	Commonwealth of People's republic of china	1950	1999 (49 years)	Patient was originally diagnosed with a benign tumor in 1950, simply refused the operation to excerpt information technology.[17]
Unknown (67)	Washington, Us	1962	1999; not extracted (37 years)	Admitted with intestinal hurting, the patient reported to have "missed the babe" during a pregnancy 37 years prior, but refused intervention. She suffered no consequences and carried a second intrauterine pregnancy to term with no problem. Pain episode resolved and patient released without attempt of extraction.[18]
Unknown (forty)	Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil	1982	2000 (xviii years)	The "patient reported regular intestinal growth and salubrious fetal activity from a pregnancy that happened xviii years earlier. She had never done pre-natal follow-up. In the tertiary trimester, she felt strong cramps in the lower abdomen at the aforementioned fourth dimension that fetal activity disappeared. She had not looked for medical aid and some weeks later on she eliminated a dark red mass through the vagina with a placental advent. She had experienced the characteristic modifications of chest lactation. The abdomen had started to decrease but retained an infra-umbilical mass of well-nigh twenty centimeters in diameter, mobile and painless."[3]
Zahra Aboutalib (75)	Grand Casablanca, Morocco	1955	2001 (46 years)	Probably the virtually documented case. Heavily pregnant, Aboutalib went through labor pains for 48 hours at her domicile before being taken to a hospital, where she was scheduled for a cesarean section. Withal, after witnessing another young woman dying during the procedure she feared for her life and fled the hospital. The pain ceased days later and did non return for 46 years, when the nevertheless unidentified lithopedion was initially mistaken for an ovarian tumor. Aboutalib never bore children again after her ectopic pregnancy, simply adopted three.[19] [twenty] [21]
Unknown (eighty)	Due south Africa	1960	2001 (c. 40 years)	An 80-twelvemonth-old woman presented in the outpatient department with astringent abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination revealed a large echogenic mass (twenty x 20 cm) in the right upper quadrant. An abdominal x-ray demonstrated the skeleton of a fully developed extrauterine fetus. It is presumed from the patient's history that this fetus was present for at to the lowest degree xl years. Radiography revealed a fetus shrouded in a curtain of calcification. The fetus was hyper-flexed with other signs of "intrauterine" death. Fetal dentition charts dated the fetus at 34 weeks, the epiphyses being obscured by extensive calcification. In addition to subcutaneous calcification there was extensive visceral and intracranial calcification.[22]
Unknown (63)	Daegu, Republic of korea	1961	2001 (forty years)	Postterm intestinal pregnancy extended beyond ix months, after which fetal motility ceased and the mother suffered from vaginal bleeding, but never gave nascence. The patient became pregnant again and gave birth to a healthy infant girl two years later.[23]
Unknown (33)	Republic of ghana	1990	2002 (12 years)	3rd pregnancy after two natural miscarriages. Patient experienced intestinal hurting, bilateral tubal blockage and infertility.[24]
Unknown (twoscore)	Burla, Odisha, Bharat	1999	2007 (viii years)	Only known instance of twin lithopedia. One embryo grew in each ovary until both died 5 months into development; the patient assumed she had suffered a normal natural miscarriage. She had pain in both sides of the lower abdomen through the following 8 years, when it was joined past abdominal distention, vomiting and intestinal constipation.[iv]
Unknown (31)	Curaren, Francisco Morazán, Honduras	1995	2008 (13 years)	The ectopic pregnancy happened shortly after the birth of the patient'due south offset child. Afterward she was meaning vii times more, giving nascence to her last kid just two months before the diagnosis.[25]
Unknown (68)	Northern Cape, Due south Africa	1986	2011; non extracted (25 years)	Quaternary pregnancy, when the patient was aged 44. Resulted in infertility, which was taken for a instance of early menopause, simply was otherwise asymptomatic.[26]
Unknown (37)	Malongo, Congo-kinshasa	2009	2011 (3 years)	Patient went through the same experience as in her previous eight pregnancies, but "the babe never came out". Surgeons retrieved a calcified 32 weeks fetus from the abdominal cavity; the ovaries and uterus were intact and the patient had her menstruation regularly.[27]
Unknown (32)	Santa Clara, Waspam, Nicaragua	2010	2011 (35 weeks)	Patient in her third pregnancy. Was hospitalized because she did not feel fetal motility anymore.[28]
Antamma (70)	Mominpur, Due west Bengal, India	1977	2012 (35 years)	Admitted to hospital afterwards complaining of stomach hurting for some time. The patient had delivered three healthy children after this incomplete pregnancy.[29]
Huang Yijun (92)	People's Commonwealth of China	1948	2013 (65 years)	Longest known case. The patient was informed that the fetus had died within her in 1948, but she did not remove it earlier considering she lacked the money.[30]
Unknown (82)	Bogota, Colombia	1973	2013; not extracted (40 years)	Patient originally idea to exist suffering from gastroenteritis but an abdominal radiography discovered a calcified fetus in her abdomen.[31]
Unknown (70)	Tamil Nadu, India	1962	2014; not extracted (52 years)	Patient presented with history of purulent discharge per vagina. Treated every bit purulent inflammation of cervix afterward biopsy written report. Subsequently, status resolved followed by history of pain and breathlessness. On radiography, it was constitute that the patient had a lithopedion fetus in her abdomen. She was asymptomatic through her reproductive life.
Joaquina Costa Leite (84)	Natividade, Tocantins State, Brazil	1970	2014; not extracted (44 years)	Patient was having abdominal pain, when doctors discovered the fetus. She claimed to have been pregnant more than than 40 years prior. After farthermost hurting back and so, she saw a local traditional healer who gave her medication that ended the pain, and – she had assumed – miscarried the babe.[32]
Estela Meléndez (90)	San Antonio, Chile	1965	2015; non extracted (50 years)	A 2 kg (4.iv lb) calcified fetus was discovered in the abdomen of a 90-year-old Chilean woman. The discovery was made during an X-ray examination after the lady was brought to the infirmary following a fall. The lithopedion, which is believed to have been there for 50 years, was then large and developed, information technology occupied the whole abdominal crenel. The fetus was not removed on the grounds of the patient'southward age.[33]
Kantabai Thakre (60)	Nagpur, Republic of india	1978	2015 (37 years)	Thakre was warned that her pregnancy was ectopic and would not be successful, simply she was afraid of surgery and returned home, where she took remedies to alleviate the pain only. The pains disappeared a few months afterward, simply they returned later on 37 years. Fearing cancer, Thakre sought hospital treatment, was diagnosed and had the fetus remains extracted.[34]
Hawa Adan (31)	Mandera, Kenya	2007	2020 (13 years)	Adan is a 31-year-old Ethiopian woman who unsuccessfully sought medical treatment in her native country for an abdominal swelling. After, she moved to Mandera Canton Referral Infirmary in Northern Kenya where a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan diagnosed her with lithopedion. Doctors at the hospital successfully operated on her to remove the male infant stone baby.[35]

See too [edit]

• Fetus in fetu

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Spitz, Werner U.; Spitz, Daniel J., eds. (2006). "Chapter 3: Time of Expiry and Changes after Death. Function 1: Anatomical Considerations.". Spitz and Fisher's medicolegal investigation of death : guidelines for the application of pathology to crime investigation (fourth ed.). Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas. pp. 87–127. ISBN0398075441. OCLC 56614481.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Bondeson, Jan (2000). The two-headed boy, and other medical marvels . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. 39–41. ISBN0801437679. OCLC 43296582.
3. ^ ^{a b} Passini, Renato; Knobel, Roxana; Parpinelli, Mary Ângela; Pereira, Belmiro Gonçalves; Amaral, Eliana; de Castro Surita, Fernanda Garanhani; de Araújo Lett, Caio Rogério (November 2000). "Calcified intestinal pregnancy with eighteen years of development: example written report". São Paulo Medical Journal. 118 (6): 192–94. doi:10.1590/S1516-31802000000600008. PMID 11120551.
4. ^ ^{a b} Mishra JM, Behera TK, Panda BK, Sarangi M; Behera; Panda; Sarangi (September 2007). "Twin lithopaedions: a rare entity" (PDF). Singapore Medical Periodical. 48 (9): 866–68. PMID 17728971. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ^ ^{a b} Rothschild BM, Rothschild C, Bement LC; Rothschild; Bement (July 1993). "3-millennium antiquity of the lithokelyphos variety of lithopedion". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 169 (i): 140–41. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90148-c. PMID 8333440. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ^ Midweek Wonders #three: The Lithopedion Archived 23 Nov 2013 at the Wayback Machine
7. ^ ^{a b c d eastward f thousand} Stofft, Henri. United nations lithopédion en 1678. [One case of Lithopaedion in 1678.] (1986) Histoire des sciences médicales, 20 (3), pp. 267–86 http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1986x020x003/HSMx1986x020x003x0267.pdf
8. ^ ^{a b} Schumann, Edward A. (1924) Extra-uterine pregnancy. D. Appleton, 189 pp.
9. ^ ^{a b} Encyclopédie, Ou Dictionnaire Universel Raisonné Des Connoissances Humaines: Con – Impu (1775), Book iii, 782 pp.
10. ^ Bondenson, January (2000) The Two-headed Boy, and Other Medical Marvels. Cornell University, pp. 46–47
11. ^ ^{a b} Morand, Due south.F. (1748) Histoire de l'Enfant de Joigny, qui a été treinte-un ans dans le ventre de sa mère; avec de remarques sur les phénoménes de cette espèce. Histoire de l'Academie Royale des Sciences: année MDCCXLVIII, avec les mémoires de mathématique [et] de physique, pour la même année, tirés des registres de cette Académie, Académie des Sciences, pp. 108–22
12. ^ Stengel C., Udfaldet af et tiaarigt Svangerskab, Eyr, Vol. 2, 1827, pp. 134–37.
13. ^ Bernard, Grace Parkhurst (1947). "Lithopedion from the Case of Dr. William H. H. Parkhurst, 1853". Message of the History of Medicine. 21 (three): 377–78. PMID 20257377.
14. ^ "Unusual case is treated by colored medico". Yazoo Herald. Yazoo City, Mississippi. thirteen October 1933. p. 1. Retrieved half-dozen January 2018. Dr. Miller states that he knew there was a growth of some kind in the stomach too the tumor, and was much surprised after removing the tumor to detect a lithopaedion, a dead foetus (child) that had become petrified to the correct of the tumor.
15. ^ Chase, A. L. (1968). "Lithopedion". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 99 (5): 226–30. PMC1924357. PMID 5671128.
16. ^ Srisomboon, Jatupol; Maneewattana, Trong; Simarak, Suri; Koonlertkij, Sompong; Sirivatanapa, Pannee (March 1988). "Chronic abdominal pregnancy (Lithopedion): A case written report". Chiang Mai Medical Journal. 27 (1): 45–52. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
17. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on thirty April 2020. Retrieved xvi Nov 2013. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link) ^{[ full citation needed ]}
18. ^ Frayer CA, Hibbert ML; Hibbert (July 1999). "Abdominal pregnancy in a 67-year-old woman undetected for 37 years. A instance written report". The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 44 (7): 633–35. PMID 10442329.
19. ^ "Zahra Aboutalib – The 46 Yr Pregnancy". RareHumans.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
20. ^ Rosenhek, Jackie (September 2008). "Fetal stone". Doctor's Review. Montreal: Parkhurst. Retrieved 21 Baronial 2013.
21. ^ "The 46-Year Pregnancy". Extraordinary People. Season 3. Episode i. 23 March 2005. hour in. Aqueduct 5 (UK).
22. ^ Lachman Due north, Satyapal KS, Kalideen JM, Moodley TR; Satyapal; Kalideen; Moodley (2001). "Lithopedion: a case report". Clinical Anatomy. 14 (ane): 52–54. doi:10.1002/1098-2353(200101)fourteen:1<52::Help-CA1009>three.0.CO;2-H. PMID 11135399. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
23. ^ Kim, Mi Suk; Park, Soyoon; Lee, Tae Sung (April 2002). "Former abdominal pregnancy presenting as an ovarian neoplasm". Journal of Korean Medical Science. 17 (ii): 274–75. doi:10.3346/jkms.2002.17.ii.274. PMC3054860. PMID 11961318.
24. ^ http://www.txfertility.com/forms/38%20Lithopedion%20laproscopic%20diagnosis%20and%20removal.pdf ^{[ permanent dead link ] [ full citation needed ]}
25. ^ http://www.bvs.hn/RMH/pdf/2006/pdf/Vol74-3-2006-6.pdf^{[ total commendation needed ] [ permanent expressionless link ]}
26. ^ Ede J, Sobnach S, Castillo F, Bhyat A, Corbett JH; Sobnach; Castillo; Bhyat; Corbett (August 2011). "The lithopedion – an unusual cause of an intestinal mass". Due south African Journal of Surgery. 49 (3): 140–41. PMID 21933501. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
27. ^ http://hcp.obgyn.cyberspace/pregnancy-and-birth/content/article/1760982/1979439 Archived 15 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine^{[ full citation needed ]}
28. ^ http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1800/180023391011.pdf^{[ full citation needed ]}
29. ^ "35 year old 'stone infant' removed from 70 year old woman's womb". Siasat.com. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
30. ^ Osayimwen, Etinosa (2 April 2013). "92-yr-sometime woman Miraculously delivers 'rock infant' after 60 yrs pregnancy". The Herald. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
31. ^ Nelson, Sara (12 December 2013). "Stone Baby: Doctors Find 40-Year-Old Lithopaedion Foetus in Body of Woman, 82". Huffington Post Britain . Retrieved 12 Dec 2013.
32. ^ Smith, Lydia (12 February 2014). "Iv Decades Old 'Stone Baby' Inside Brazilian Pensioner". International Business organisation Times . Retrieved 13 Feb 2014.
33. ^ "Chilean woman 'carried calcified foetus for 50 years'". BBC News. 20 June 2015.
34. ^ The Independent
35. ^ The Standard

External links [edit]

• What is the process that creates a stone infant? (MadSci Network)
• Ernst Bjerke: A pregnancy of 10-years duration
• Nigerianschoolsonline-Lithopedion

hammondagam1989.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithopedion

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